This is kind of a two-parter, this is my first time working with code of any type. Do I just copy paste the ID amounts anywhere into the script? And as the title says, how do I enable this only for a specific role of players? Sorry to bug you and thank you for your time.

I don't know what ID amounts are, or why you would need to edit the plugin.  I wouldn't recommend editing the plugin.

As far as permissions..
https://umod.org/plugins/anti-offline-raid#permissions
https://umod.org/documentation/plugins/permissions

I was not intending to edit the script at all, I'm just trying to figure out how I enable or change the hours and damage percentages.

The "damageScale" and "interimDamage" configuration options handle that.  Also the default configuration is explained in the documentation.